hsadminNg Development

This documents gives an overview of the development environment and tools. For architecture consider the files in the doc and adr folder.

• Setting up the Development Environment
  • SDKMAN
  • PostgreSQL Server
  • Markdown
    • Render Markdown embedded PlantUML
  • Other Tools
• Running the SQL files
  • For RBAC
  • For Historization

Setting up the Development Environment

All instructions assume that you're using a current Linux or MacOS operating system. Everything is tested on Ubuntu Linux 22.04 and MacOS Monterey (12.4).

To be able to build and run the Java Spring Boot application, you need the following tools:

• Docker 20.x (on MacOS you also need Docker Desktop or similar)
• PostgreSQL Server 13.7-bullseye (see instructions below to install and run in Docker)
• Java JDK at least recent enough to run Gradle (JDK 17.x will be automatically installed by Gradle toolchain support)
• Gradle in some not too outdated version (7.4 will be installed via wrapper)

You also might need an IDE (e.g. IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse or VS Code with STS and a GUI Frontend for PostgreSQL like Postbird.

If you have at least Docker, the Java JDK and Gradle installed in appropriate versions and in your PATH, then you can start like this:

cd your-hsadmin-ng-directory

gradle wrapper  # downloads the configured Gradle version into the project
source .aliases # creates some comforable bash aliases, e.g. 'gw'='./gradlew'

gw test         # compiles and runs unit- and integration-tests

pg-sql-run      # downloads + runs PostgreSQL in a Docker container on localhost:5432
gw bootRun      # compiles and runs the application on localhost:8080

# the following command should reply with "pong":
curl http://localhost:8080/api/ping

# the following command should return a JSON array with just all customers:
curl \
    -H 'current-user: mike@hostsharing.net' \
    http://localhost:8080/api/customers

# the following command should return a JSON array with just all packages visible for the admin of the customer aab:
curl \
    -H 'current-user: mike@hostsharing.net' -H 'assumed-roles: customer#aab.admin' \
    http://localhost:8080/api/packages

# add a new customer
curl \
    -H 'current-user: mike@hostsharing.net' -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{ "prefix":"baa", "reference":80001, "adminUserName":"admin@baa.example.com" }' \
    -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/customers

If you wonder who 'mike@hostsharing.net' and 'sven@hostsharing.net' are and where the data comes from: Mike and Sven are just example Hostsharing hostmaster accounts as part of the example data which is automatically inserted in Testcontainers and Development environments. Also try for example 'admin@aaa.example.com' or 'unknown@example.org'.

If you want a formatted JSON output, you can pipe the result to jq or similar.

And to see the full, currently implemented, API, open http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui/index.html.

If you still need to install some of these tools, find some hints in the next chapters.

SDKMAN

SdkMan is not necessary, but helpful to install and switch between different versions of SDKs (Software-Development-Kits) and development tools in general, e.g. JDK and Gradle. It is available for Linux and MacOS, WSL, Cygwin, Solaris and FreeBSD.

You can get it from: https://sdkman.io/.

⚠ Yeah, the curl ... | bash install method looks quite scary; but in a development environment you're downloading executables all the time, e.g. through npm, Maven or Gradle when downloading dependencies. Thus, maybe you should at least use a separate Linux account for development.

Once it's installed, you can install JDK and Gradle:

sdk install java 17.0.3-tem
sdk install gradle

sdk use java 17.0.3-tem # use this to switch between installed JDK versions

PostgreSQL Server

You could use any PostgreSQL Server (from version 13 on) installed on your machine. You might amend the port and user settings in src/main/resources/application.yml, though.

But the easiest way to run PostgreSQL is via Docker.

Initially, pull an image compatible to current PostgreSQL version of Hostsharing:

docker pull postgres:13.7-bullseye 

⚠ If we switch the version, please also amend the documentation as well as the aliases file. Thanks!

Create and run a container with the given PostgreSQL version:

docker run --name hsadmin-ng-postgres -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password -p 5432:5432 -d postgres:13.7-bullseye

# or via alias: 
pg-sql-run

To check if the PostgreSQL container is running, the following command should list a container with the name "hsadmin-ng-postgres":

docker container ls 

Stop the PostgreSQL container:

docker stop hsadmin-ng-postgres
# or via alias: pg-sql-stop

Start the PostgreSQL container again:

docker container start hsadmin-ng-postgres
# or via alias: pg-sql-start

Remove the PostgreSQL container:

docker rm hsadmin-ng-postgres

# or via alias:
pg-sql-remove

To reset to a clean database, use:

pg-sql-stop; pg-sql-remove; pg-sql-run

# or via alias:
pg-sql-reset

After the PostgreSQL container is removed, you need to create it again as shown in "Create and run ..." above.

Given the container is running, to create a backup in ~/backup, run:

docker exec -i hsadmin-ng-postgres /usr/bin/pg_dump --clean --create -U postgres postgres | gzip -9 > ~/backup/hsadmin-ng-postgres.sql.gz

# or via alias:
pg-sql-backup >~/backup/hsadmin-ng-postgres.sql.gz

Again, given the container is running, to restore the backup from ~/backup, run:

gunzip --stdout --keep ~/backup/hsadmin-ng-postgres.sql.gz | docker exec -i hsadmin-ng-postgres psql -U postgres -d postgres

# or via alias:
pg-sql-restore <~/backup/hsadmin-ng-postgres.sql.gz

Markdown

To generate the TOC (Table of Contents), a little bash script from a Blog Article was used.

To render the Markdown files, especially to watch embedded PlantUML diagrams, you can use one of the following methods:

Render Markdown embedded PlantUML

Can you see the following diagram right in your IDE? I mean a real graphic diagram, not just some markup code.

@startuml
me -> you: Can you see this diagram?
you -> me: Sorry, I don't :-(
me -> you: Install some tooling!
@enduml

If not, you need to install some tooling.

for IntelliJ IDEA (or derived products)

You just need the bundled Markdown plugin enabled and install and activate the PlantUML plugin in its settings.

You might also need to install Graphviz on your operating system. For Debian-based Linux systems this might work:

sudo apt install graphviz

Ubuntu Linux command line

sudo apt-get install pandoc texlive-latex-base texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-extra-utils texlive-latex-extra pandoc-plantuml-filter

pandoc --filter pandoc-plantuml rbac.md -o rbac.pdf

for other IDEs / operating systems

If you have figured out how it works, please add instructions above this section.

IDE Specific Settings

IntelliJ IDEA

Go to [Gradle Settings}(jetbrains://idea/settings?name=Build%2C+Execution%2C+Deployment--Build+Tools--Gradle) and select "Build and run using" and "Run tests using" both to "gradle". Otherwise, settings from build.gradle, like compiler arguments, are not applied when compiling through IntelliJ IDEA.

Go to Annotations Processors and activate annotation processing. Otherwise, IntelliJ IDEA can't see Lombok generated classes and will show false errors (missing identifiers).

Other Tools

jq: a JSON formatter. On Debian'oid systems you can install it with sudo apt-get install jq. On MacOS you can install it with brew install jq, given you have brew installed.

Running the SQL files

For RBAC

The Schema is automatically created via Liquibase, a database migration library. Currently, also some test data is automatically created.

To increase the amount of test data, increase the number of generated customers in 2022-07-28-051-hs-customer.sql and run that

If you already have data, e.g. for customers 0..999 (thus with reference numbers 10000..10999) and want to add another 1000 customers, amend the for loop to 1000...1999 and also uncomment and amend the CONTINUE WHEN or WHERE conditions in the other test data generators, using the first new customer reference number (in the example that's 11000).

For Historization

The historization is not yet integrated into the Liquibase-scripts. You can explore the prototype as follows:

• start with an empty database (the example tables are currently not compatible with RBAC),
• then run historization.sql in the database,
• finally run examples.sql in the database.

Coding Guidelines

Directory and Package Structure

General Directory Structure

.aliases Shell-aliases for common tasks.

build/ Output directory for gradle build results. Ignored by git.

build.gradle Gradle build-file. Contains dependencies and build configurations.

doc/ Contains project documentation.

.editorconfig Rules for indentation etc. considered by many code editors.

etc/ Miscellaneous configurations, as long as these don't need to be in the rood directory.

.git/ Git repository. Do not temper with this!

.gitattributes Git configurations regarding text file format conversion between operating systems.

.gitignore Git configuration regarding which files and directories should be ignored (not checked in).

.gradle/ Config files created by gradle wrapper. Ignored by git.

gradle/ The gradle distribution downloaded by gradle wrapper. Ignored by git.

gradlew and gradlew.bat use these batches to run gradle for builds etc.

.idea/ (optional) Config and cache files created by IntelliJ IDEA. Ignore by git.

LICENSE.md Contains the license used for this software.

out/ (optional) Build output created by *IntelliJ IDEA". Ignored by git.

README.md Contains an overview about how to build the project and the used tools.

.run/ (optional) Created by IntelliJ IDEA to contain run and debug configurations.

settings.gradle Configuration file for gradle.

sql/ Contains SQL scripts for experiments and useful tasks. Most of this will sooner or later be moved to Liquibase-scripts.

src/ The actual source-code, see Source Code Package Structure for details.

TODO.md Requirements of initial project. Do not touch!

TODO-progress.png Generated diagram image of the project progress.

tools/ Some shell-scripts to useful tasks.

Source Code Package Structure

For the source code itself, the general standard Java directory structure is used, where productive and test code are separated like this:

src
    main/
        java/
            net.hostsharing.hasadminng/
        resources/
        
    test/
        java/
            net.hostsharing.hasadminng/
        resources/

The Java package structure below contains:

• config and global (utility) packages, these should not access any other packages within the project
• rbac, containing all packages related to the RBAC subsystem
• hs, containing Hostsharing business object related packages

Underneath of rbac and hs, the structure is business oriented, NOT technical / layer -oriented.

Some of these rules are checked with ArchUnit unit tests.

Spotless Code Formatting

Code formatting for Java is checked via spotless. The formatting style can be checked with this command:

gw spotlessCheck

This task is also included in gw build and gw check.

To apply formatting rules, use:

gw spotlessApply

JaCoCo Test Code Coverage Check

This project uses the JaCoCo test code coverage report with limit checks. It can be executed with:

gw jacocoTestReport

This task is also automatically run after gw test. It is configured in build.gradle.

A report is generated under build/reports/jacoco/tests/test/index.html.

Additionally, quality limits are checked via:

gw jacocoTestCoverageVerification

This task is also executed as part of gw check.

OWASP Security Vulnerability Check

An OWASP security vulnerability is configured and can be utilized by running:

gw dependencyCheckAnalyze

This task is also included in gw build and gw check. It is configured in build.gradle.

Often vulnerability reports don't apply to our use cases. Therefore, reports can be suppressed. In case of suppression, a note must be added to explain why it does not apply to us.

See also: https://jeremylong.github.io/DependencyCheck/dependency-check-gradle/index.html.

Dependency-License-Compatibility

The gw check phase depends on a dependency-license-compatibility check. If any dependency violates the configured list of allowed licenses, the build will fail. New licenses can be added to that list after a legal investigation.

⚠ GPL (GNU General Public License) is only allowed with classpath exception. Do not use any dependencies under GPL without this exception, except if these offer an alternative license which is allowed. LGPL (GNU Library General Public License) is also allowed.

To run just the dependency-license-compatibility check, use:

gw checkLicense

If the check fails, a report can be found here: The generated license can be found under dependencies-without-allowed-license.json.

And to generate a report, use:

gw generateLicenseReport

The generated license can be found here: index.html.

More information can be found on the project's website.

How To ...

How to Run the Application on a Different Port

By default, gw bootRun starts the application on port 8080.

This port can be changed in src/main/resources/application.yml through the property server.port.

How to Use a Persistent Database for Integration Tests?

Usually, the DataJpaTest integration tests run against a database in a temporary docker container. As soon as the test ends, the database is gone; this might make debugging difficult.

Alternatively, a persistent database could be used by amending the resources/application.yml through the property spring.datasource.url in src/test/resources/application.yml , e.g. to the JDBC-URL from src/main/resources/application.yml.

If the persistent database and the temporary database show different results, one of these reasons could be the cause:

1. You might have some changesets only running in either context, check the context: ... in the changeset control lines.
2. You might have changes in the database which interfere with the tests, e.g. from a previous run of tests or manually applied. It's best to run pg-sql-reset && gw bootRun before each test run, to have a clean database.

How to Amend Liquibase SQL Changesets?

Liquibase changesets are meant to be immutable and based on each other. That means, once a changeset is written, it never changes, not even a whitespace or comment. Liquibase is a database migration tool, not a database initialization tool.

This, if you need to add change a table, stored procedure or whatever, create a new changeset and apply ALTER, DROP, CREATE OR REPLACE or whatever SQL commands to perform your changes. These changes will be automatically applied once the application starts up again. This way, any staging or production database will always match the application code.

But, during initial development that can be a big hassle because the database structure changes a lot in that stage. Also, the actual structure of the database won't be easily recognized anymore through lots of migration changesets.

Therefore, during initial development, it's good approach just to amend the existing changesets and delete the database:

pg-sql-reset
gw bootRun

⚠ Just don't forget switching to the migration mode, once there is a production database!

Further Documentation

• the doc directory contains architecture concepts and a glossary
• TODO.md tracks requirements and progress for the contract of the initial project, please do not amend anything in this document